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Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Catalytic Activity of a Highly Sulfonated Carbon Solid Acid in the Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones under Solvent-Free Conditions

V. Mirkhani*, M. Moghadam, S. Tangestaninejad, I. Mohammadpoor-Baltork and M. Mahdavi

Chemistry Department, Catalysis Division, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran

A highly sulfonated carbon as an efficient, recyclable, nontoxic and green solid acid catalyst was synthesized readily by simultaneous sulfonation, dehydration and carbonization of sucrose C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ in sulfuric acid and was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric and differential thermal gravimetric analysis (TG-DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulfur analysis (CHNS), neutralization potentiometric titration and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This new catalyst was used in one pot three-component condensation reaction of various aromatic aldehydes with β-ketoester and urea under solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs). This catalyst can be reused several times without loss of its activity.

Keywords: Solid acid catalyst, Sulfonated carbon, Dihydropyrimidinones, Solvent-free conditions